Portable oxygen concentrators operate in the same manner as the larger “stationary”
concentrator. These units weigh 10 to 18 pounds and can operate on either AC or DC
current. Depending on the flow rate and/or pulse dose settings most can operate up to
5 hours on a single battery charge. Portable concentrators have an upper flow limit of
3 Lpm and most models operate in the pulse mode only. There are a couple of models
that can operate in continuous flow mode. This line of concentrator has greatly
increased the mobility of home oxygen patients, who can now travel long distances
without having to worry about running out of oxygen. Portable concentrators have been
approved for all types of commercial travel. Although, advanced notice by the carrier is
still required.
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Compressed Gas Cylinders (Tanks)
Oxygen is stored under pressure (2,000-3,000 psi) in a cylinder (or “tank”) that is made out of
lightweight aluminum or a carbon-composite material. Compressed gas cylinders come
equipped with a regulator that controls the flow of oxygen to the patient. If a regulator is used without an oxygen-conserving device, the flow of oxygen to the patient will be continuous. If the regulator comes built into a conserving device, the flow of oxygen is released only when the patient inhales and is cut off when the patient exhales.
Cylinders are available in varying sizes. Cylinder sizes are identified by two sets of designations, an older set and a newer set. The older set of designations identifies
cylinders alphabetically: A, B, C, D, E, etc., with “A” cylinders being the smallest.
Probably the most recognizable size cylinder and designation is the “E” cylinder (similar
in height to a SCUBA tank). At 2 Lpm continuous flow, an “E” cylinder will provide
approximately 3.5 – 4 hours of oxygen The newer set of designations begin with the letter “M” to denote “medical,” followed by a number that specifies the amount of oxygen in cubic feet compressed inside the cylinder. For example, the “B” cylinder is also called the “M-6” cylinder.
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Interfaces
There are three common means of actually delivering oxygen to a patient: nasalcannula, mask and tracheal catheter.
A nasal cannula is a soft tubing, two-pronged device that fits just inside the nostrils and is connected to tubing that carries the oxygen from the concentrator, cylinder or liquid oxygen vessel.
A mask that fits over the nose and mouth is often used by patients who need a high flow of oxygen ( >6Lpm).
Transtracheal oxygen therapy requires the insertion of a small, flexible catheter in the patient’s trachea or windpipe. Since transtracheal oxygen bypasses the mouth, nose and throat, a humidifier is absolutely required at flow rates of 1 LPM or greater.
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Rehab Potential
In most cases, by the time an individual need home oxygen therapy, her lung disease is already very severe. Regardless of disease state, many patients benefit from a pulmonary rehab program. ANY patient with functional limitations from COPD or related lung disease should be considered a candidate for pulmonary rehabilitation. Pulmonary rehabilitation offers training in relaxation, stress control, biofeedback, smoking cessation, nutritional counseling, breath control training, and exercise reconditioning. Rehab not only helps patients rebuild stamina, but also provides a way for them to meet others with similar health problems (i.e., support groups). This exposure seems to have a great influence on a patient’s self-esteem and helps her
to adjust to her new lifestyle.
Being able to attend her rehab appointments and to continue to socialize and remain active has great impact on an oxygen patient’s life. Providing oxygen equipment that will allow the patient maximum ambulation is paramount.